Noncommunicable Diseases Air Pollution
Long-term exposure to elemental carbon and disease incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Health.
• Research & Reports
WHAT IS PLANETARY HEALTH?
Noncommunicable Diseases
The leading cause of death and disability across the globe each year, NCDs are rising along with the prevalence of risk factors worsened by anthropogenic changes.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, responsible for approximately 41 million deaths annually, equivalent to 74% of all global deaths, making their prevention and management critical public health priorities. Global environmental changes including climate change, biodiversity loss, freshwater depletion, deforestation, overfishing, ocean acidification, soil degradation, etc. increase the prevalence and severity of NCDs.
Air pollution, primarily from fossil fuel combustion, is a significant driver of global morbidity and mortality. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 estimates that air pollution contributes to around one in six deaths annually worldwide. Long-term exposure to air pollution, especially in urban and densely populated areas, is linked to reduced lung function, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Climate change affects health through various direct and indirect mechanisms. Rising temperatures and more frequent extreme weather events—such as cyclones, floods, and storms—exacerbate health risks for individuals with chronic diseases. A systematic review of 48 studies from developed countries found that individuals with cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases faced increased risks of health complications following such disasters.
Increased heat exposure due to climate change is also associated with higher mortality rates, more emergency department visits, and increased hospital admissions for cardiovascular, respiratory, and kidney-related conditions. Additionally, climate change affects NCD risk through pathways linked to food and nutrition, further compounding the public health challenge.
Noncommunicable Diseases Resources
Noncommunicable Diseases Air Pollution
How Earth Intelligence can help improve air quality and respiratory health. Group on Earth Observations.
• News
Noncommunicable Diseases Health and Care Systems
A novel approach to consider planetary health in guideline development: A GRADE approach using the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2024-2025 Guidelines as a case study. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice.
• Research & Reports
Noncommunicable Diseases Air Pollution
Long-term exposure to air pollution and incident Alzheimer’s disease among older adults: evidence from a large-scale retrospective cohort in Korea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research.
• Research & Reports
Noncommunicable Diseases Air Pollution
Epigenetic alterations induced by air pollution: A key driver in atherosclerosis development. Cardiovascular Toxicology.
This review article examines how long-term exposure to air pollution contributes to atherosclerosis through epigenetic changes like DNA methylation, histone modifications, and altered non-coding RNA expression. It highlights new pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
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